James Meacham (August 16, 1810 – December 3, 1856) was a United States Representative from Vermont. He was born in Rutland, Vermont. He graduated from Middlebury College in 1832 and taught in the seminary at Castleton, Vermont. In addition, he attended the local academy at St. Albans, Vermont and attended Andover Theological Seminary where he studied for the ministry. He was ordained as a Congregational minister in 1838, assuming his duties as pastor in New Haven, Vermont and served from 1839 to 1846. He also was a tutor and professor at Middlebury College from 1846 to 1850.
Meacham was elected as a Whig to the Thirty-first Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of George P. Marsh. He was reelected as a Whig to the Thirty-second and Thirty-third Congresses, and elected as an Opposition Party candidate to the Thirty-fourth Congress and served from December 3, 1849, until his death in Rutland, Vermont in 1856. He served as chairman, Committee on District of Columbia (Thirty-fourth Congress). He was buried in West Cemetery, Middlebury, Vermont.